How GPS Work?

The world of technology is developing very rapidly. Moreover in the field of communication electronics. Lately known GPS technology (Global Positioning System). This technology is able to provide information on the position of objects that are on the surface of the earth. The information presented has three-dimensional coordinates, which are the position with respect to latitude, longitude, and altitude from sea level. In this study, an experiment was carried out on a GPS system installed somewhere. Then GPS data is accessed remotely using a cell phone. The type of mobile application used is the SMS application. So in this system, if the user wants location information, the command is given by SMS. The contents of the SMS are made with codes so that illegal users can be restricted. The purpose of this Final Project is to build a capable system to produce a tracking system with GPS that is reliable and accurate. So as to produce tools that are useful for the community.


GPS (Global Positioning System) is a satellite navigation and positioning system that is owned and managed by the United States. This system is designed to provide three-dimensional position and speed and time information. GPS consists of 3 segments, namely the space segment, control/controller, and the user. The space segment consists of 24 satellites operating in 6 orbits at an altitude of 20,200 km with a 12-hour period (satellites will return to the same point in 12 hours). The Control / Control Segment is the main control center located in Colorado Springs, and 5 other monitoring stations and 3 antennas spread across the earth. On the user side, a receiver is needed GPS usually consists of a receiver, processor, and antenna.

GPS-Module EG-T10 is a GPS receiver in the form of an electronic module without display. This module can receive signals from 12 GPS satellites and can do computing to get the measurement results in a frequency of 1 Hz. This module uses TTL components and interfaces with UART communication. Some features provided by this GPS module are:
  • Embedded SIRFstarII chipset with high-performance GPS 
  • tracking through 12 satellite channels 
  • Has power-saving 
  • Has SRM 1Mb 
  • Has flash memory 4Mb 
  • Dual TTL UART interface 
  • Has size 2.8 "x 1.6" x 0.58 "Measurement time back 0.1-second 
  • Support standardization of NMEA-0183 and Sirf binary protocol 
  • Working frequency L1, 1575.42 MHz 
  • Accuracy 15 meters, 2D RMS and 5 meters DGPS corrected 
  • Using the WGS-84 document
AVR (Alf and Veg's Risc Processor) is a series of 8bit microcontrollers made by Atmel, based on RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer) architecture. Almost all instructions are executed in one clock cycle, in contrast to the MCS51 instructions which require 12 clock cycles. AVR has 32 versatile registers, flexible Timer / Counter with compare mode, internal and external interrupt, UART serial, programmable Watchdog Timer, and a power-saving mode. 

The detailed capabilities of Atmega162 are as follows:
  • RISC-based 8-bit microprocessor system with 16 MHz speed.
  • The capability of 16 Byte flash memory, SRAM of 512 bytes, and EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory) of 512 bytes.
  • Internal ADC with 10-channel fidelity of 8 channels.
  • Serial communication portal (USART) with a maximum speed of 2.5 Mbps consisting of 2 USART
  • Six choices of sleep modes to save electricity usage.
Operators used include PT. Telkomsel (Simpati / As), PT. Indosat Tbk (Mentari / IM3), PT. Excelcomindo Pratama (XL), Hutchison Telecom International (Three), PT. Natrindo Telepon Seluler (Axis). Testing using GSM operators to adjust to the type of cell phone used on the system. Testing is varied, for example, the system operator uses Telkomsel, then the client operator is varied from Telkomsel itself to Natrindo. And so on. From the results of testing the status of the SMS fails if the client operator uses HCTP. This is because the HCTP operator consists of 11 digit numbers, even though the tool is set to respond to clients with only 12 digit numbers. For operators installed on the system 11 and 12 digit numbers can be used.

From the test results it was found that GPS has a level of accuracy in providing data of 16.25m, can be used to access inter-city object coordinates (Semarang-Tegal), accessing object coordinates is independent of time and weather, the system works gradually, the system can monitor the position which moves and coordinates the object's position can be mapped on a digital map offline, then the system fails if the GPS antenna has obstruction, the response of the tool response has not been completed, and if there is no power supply

Research needs to be developed with other types of mobile phones or the use of GSM modules so that the data provided by GPS is more varied, added a web-based application to display the position of the device, and it needs to develop an integrated system with UPS (Uninterruptable Power Supply).

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